Skip to main content

Sweet Pea

Scientific Name​

Lathyrus odoratus

Description​

Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus) is a charming, fragrant annual climbing plant belonging to the legume family, Fabaceae. Known for its beautiful, colorful blossoms, Sweet Peas are a favorite among gardeners for their long-lasting, delicate flowers that often come in a variety of shades, including pink, purple, red, blue, and white.

Typically reaching heights of 6 to 8 feet, these plants thrive in sunny locations with good air circulation, though they can tolerate partial shade. Sweet Peas prefer well-draining soil enriched with organic matter, and they benefit from regular watering, particularly during dry spells, to promote healthy growth and blooming.

Sweet Peas are often grown on trellises, fences, or in pots, making them ideal for vertical gardening. They produce flowers that are not only attractive but also release a sweet, pleasing fragrance, making them popular for cut flower arrangements. Gardeners often find that the more they cut the flowers, the more the plant will bloom.

Planting should occur in early spring after the last frost, though in milder climates, they can be sown in the fall for an earlier spring bloom. Sweet Peas are typically grown from seeds, which can be soaked before planting to encourage germination. While they attract beneficial pollinators, they can also be susceptible to pests like aphids and powdery mildew; thus, monitoring and appropriate care are essential for optimal growth. Overall, Sweet Peas bring beauty and fragrance to gardens, making them a delightful choice for hobbyists and amateur gardeners.

Where it Grows​

When to Plant​

When to Plant Sweet Peas​

Sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) are beloved for their delightful fragrance and vibrant blooms, making them a favorite among amateur gardeners. Knowing when to plant sweet peas is essential for successful growth and flowering.

Ideal Planting Time​

Sweet peas are cool-season annuals, which means they thrive in cooler weather. The optimal planting time is often in the late winter to early spring, specifically:

  • Cool Climate Regions: Sow seeds about 6 to 8 weeks before the last expected frost date. This could be as early as late February or early March, depending on your local climate.

  • Milder Climates: In areas with milder winters, you can plant as early as October or November for a spring bloom.

Soil Temperature Considerations​

Sweet peas prefer soil temperatures between 50°F and 70°F (10°C to 21°C). You can test soil temperature using a soil thermometer to ensure optimal conditions for seed germination.

Signs of Readiness​

When planning your planting, consider:

  • Frost Dates: Always check your local last frost date. Sweet peas can tolerate light frosts, but young seedlings are vulnerable to harsh cold snaps.

  • Soil Preparation: Ensure the soil is workable. If the soil is too wet or clumpy, hold off on planting until it dries out a bit.

Starting Indoors vs. Direct Sowing​

  • Starting Indoors: For an early start, consider sowing seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the expected last frost. Transplant seedlings outdoors after hardening them off.

  • Direct Sowing: Alternatively, you can sow seeds directly into the garden when conditions are favorable. Just ensure that you follow the above timeline.

Consequences of Planting Too Early or Late​

  • Too Early: If planted during severe frost, seeds can rot or seedlings may die off.

  • Too Late: Planting too late can lead to poor flowering as the plants may flower in warmer weather that is not conducive to their growth and can lead to reduced blooms.

Conclusion​

In summary, the ideal time to plant sweet peas is during the cooler months of early spring, or in milder regions, late fall. Monitoring soil temperature, local frost dates, and using methods like starting seeds indoors can significantly improve your success in growing these charming flowers. Taking into account these factors will help you enjoy a bountiful display of sweet peas, adding beauty and fragrance to your garden.

How to Plant​

Planting Sweet Peas (Lathyrus odoratus)

Sweet peas are cherished for their fragrant blooms and climbing habit, making them a delightful addition to any garden. To ensure a successful planting of sweet peas, follow these steps:

  1. Timing: Sow sweet pea seeds directly in the garden as early as four to six weeks before the last frost date, or start indoors about six weeks prior to that date for a head start.

  2. Site Selection: Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil, ideally rich in organic matter. Sweet peas thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in warmer climates.

  3. Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil to a depth of at least 12 inches, adding compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility. The ideal pH level for sweet peas is between 6.0 and 7.0.

  4. Sowing Seeds: Plant seeds about 1 inch deep and 2-3 inches apart. For a more vigorous start, soak seeds in water for a few hours before planting to help with germination.

  5. Support: Install a trellis or supports at planting time, as sweet peas climb vigorously. Ensure the structures are sturdy enough to hold the weight of the mature plants.

By following these guidelines, you can enjoy a spectacular display of sweet pea flowers throughout the blooming season.

Watering​

Watering Sweet Pea plants effectively is crucial for their growth and flowering. The best strategy involves a consistent yet moderate watering schedule. Sweet Peas prefer well-draining soil that retains some moisture without becoming soggy. Water the plants deeply, ensuring the root zone is saturated, but allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Typically, watering once or twice a week is sufficient, depending on the weather and soil conditions. Early morning is the ideal time to water, as it allows foliage to dry throughout the day, reducing the risk of fungal diseases. Additionally, applying a layer of mulch can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Be mindful not to overwater, as Sweet Peas dislike overly wet conditions, which can lead to root rot and other health issues.

Pruning​

Pruning Sweet Peas (Lathyrus odoratus) is essential for promoting vigorous growth and abundant flowering. The best strategy involves a combination of pinching back and removing any dead or unhealthy stems. Start by pinching the tips of young seedlings once they reach 3-4 inches tall to encourage bushier growth; this will lead to more flowering stems. As the plant matures, regularly inspect for and remove any yellowing or wilted leaves, as they can harbor pests and diseases. Additionally, after the initial flowering period, deadhead spent blooms by cutting them just above the leaves to encourage reblooming. Finally, if the vines become too long or tangled, trim back excessive growth to maintain air circulation and prevent mildew. Regular pruning throughout the growing season ensures robust plants and enhances overall flower production.

Weeding​

Weeding around Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus) plants is crucial for their health and growth, as they thrive in nutrient-rich, unobstructed environments. The best strategy is a combination of manual and preventive methods.

Start by preparing the garden bed before planting by removing any existing weeds and applying a layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, around the base of the Sweet Pea plants. Mulch suppresses weed growth and retains moisture.

Once the Sweet Peas are established, regularly check for weeds, especially during their early growth stages. Hand-pulling weeds is effective, but it’s essential to grasp them at the base to prevent root disturbance. Use a hoe to manage larger weeds, ensuring you keep the blade close to the soil to avoid damaging the Sweet Pea roots.

Lastly, consider planting companions like marigolds that can deter weeds and pests, promoting a healthier garden overall.

Mulching​

Mulching sweet pea plants is a beneficial practice that helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain soil temperature. The best strategy begins with selecting an organic mulch, such as straw, shredded leaves, grass clippings, or wood chips. Apply a 2-3 inch layer around the base of the sweet pea plants, taking care not to pile it directly against the stems, as this can cause rot.

Timing is crucial; mulching should be done once the soil has warmed in spring and the plants are well-established. This aids in moisture retention during dry spells and protects roots during temperature fluctuations. Regularly check the mulch layer’s thickness and replenish as needed throughout the growing season. Additionally, using a biodegradable mulch can enhance soil fertility as it decomposes, providing nutrients for the sweet peas during their bloom period. By following these practices, you can create an ideal environment for your sweet pea plants to thrive.

Fertilizing​

When fertilizing Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus) plants, timing and the type of fertilizer are crucial to promoting healthy growth and abundant blooms. Begin by preparing the soil with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer before planting, incorporating it into the top few inches of soil to provide a nutrient-rich environment. Once established, switch to a low-nitrogen fertilizer once the plants begin to bloom, as excess nitrogen encourages foliage growth at the expense of flowers.

Use a liquid fertilizer every 3 to 4 weeks during the growing season for optimal nutrient uptake. It’s important to observe the plants’ response, as over-fertilization can lead to lush foliage with fewer blossoms. Always water your Sweet Peas thoroughly after fertilizing to prevent root burn and help nutrients reach the roots efficiently. Regular soil tests can also guide you in adjusting your fertilizing strategy to meet specific needs.

Varieties​

Common Varieties of the Sweet Pea Plant​

Sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) are cherished for their delightful fragrance and colorful blooms, making them a favorite among amateur gardeners and hobbyists. While there are numerous varieties available, they can be primarily categorized into different groups based on flower form and growth habit. Here are some of the most common varieties:

1. Spencer Sweet Peas​

Spencer sweet peas are known for their large, ruffled blooms and robust growth. They often produce a wide range of colors, from soft pastels to vibrant shades, making them popular for bouquets. Spencer varieties, such as 'Windsor' and 'Eleanor', are well-loved for their scent and garden performance.

2. Grandiflora Sweet Peas​

Grandiflora sweet peas feature large, somewhat flat petals and are known for their late bloomers, providing a stunning display over a longer season. Varieties include 'Painted Lady' and 'Royal Family', which are noted for both their beauty and fragrance.

3. Bicolor Sweet Peas​

These varieties boast flowers with two distinct colors, often combining complementary shades. 'Duchess of Cambridge' is a classic example, showcasing a pleasing contrast that adds visual interest to the garden.

4. Nana Sweet Peas​

Also referred to as dwarf sweet peas, Nana varieties are smaller in stature, making them ideal for containers or borders. They bloom with charming, smaller flowers but retain the classic sweetness of fragrance. Popular varieties include ‘Little Sweetheart’ and 'Cupid'.

5. Old-Fashioned Sweet Peas​

These heirloom varieties are characterized by their unique colors and fragrances, reminiscent of classic gardens. Varieties such as 'Matucana' and 'Heirloom Mix' can often be found in home gardens, offering a nostalgic touch.

6. Modern Sweet Peas​

Breeding programs have developed modern hybrids that often exhibit enhanced disease resistance and longevity. They are available in a broad spectrum of colors and sizes. Varieties like ‘Sweet Dreams’ and 'Regal' fall into this group, perfect for contemporary landscapes.

7. Fragrant Mixes​

Many growers and seed companies offer blends or mixes of sweet peas that include a variety of colors and types. These fragrant mixes are wonderful for creating a diverse and fragrant display in the garden.

Growing Tips​

When selecting sweet pea varieties, consider your local climate, soil conditions, and the intended use of the flowers. Sweet peas thrive in cool weather and need support for climbing. They appreciate well-drained, fertile soil and benefit from regular watering and mulching to retain moisture. With proper care, you can enjoy the bursts of color and delightful fragrance these beautiful plants bring to any garden.

Health Benefits​

Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) is primarily cultivated for its fragrant blossoms and ornamental appeal, but it does have some health and wellness associations worth noting.

  1. Emotional Well-being: The sweet fragrance of sweet peas is thought to evoke positive emotions and evoke pleasant memories. This aromatic quality can enhance mood and mental well-being, often used in aromatherapy and floral arrangements to uplift spaces.

  2. Homeopathy and Traditional Uses: In folk medicine, the seeds and flowers of sweet peas were sometimes used for their purported calming effects. Though not widely supported by modern clinical research, some herbalists suggest infusions of sweet pea flowers may help alleviate mild anxiety and stress.

  3. Gardening and Physical Activity: The act of growing sweet peas engages one in physical activity, which is beneficial for overall wellness. Gardening can reduce stress and improve mental clarity while providing moderate exercise.

  4. Skin Care: While not a direct application, sweet peas are sometimes included in homemade cosmetic recipes for their delicate properties. They are thought to be gentle and soothing when incorporated into natural skincare solutions.

Though primarily an ornamental plant, these associations highlight how sweet peas can contribute to wellness indirectly through emotional benefits and the joys of gardening.

Fun Facts​

Fun Facts About Sweet Pea​

  • Historical Significance: Sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) were first discovered in Sicily in 1699 and quickly gained popularity in gardens across Europe and North America, often associated with Victorian gardens and sweet scents.

  • Variety of Colors: Sweet peas come in a stunning array of colors, including pastels like pink, lavender, and cream, as well as vibrant hues like deep purple and bright red, making them a favorite for floral arrangements.

  • Fragrant Blooms: Known for their delightful fragrance, sweet peas are particularly cherished for their perfume-like scent, which can be intensified by evening temperatures, making nighttime garden strolls especially enchanting.

  • Climbing Habit: Sweet peas are climbing plants that can reach heights of 6 to 8 feet when supported by trellises, fences, or other structures, making them excellent for vertical gardening and adding dimension to garden spaces.

  • Annual Lifespan: Despite their perennial relatives, sweet peas are typically grown as annuals in most gardens. They thrive in cooler temperatures and are often among the first flowers to bloom in spring, providing early-season beauty.